Posted in Book marketing, Book promotion, Publishing

Book Promotion 101: Who will really read your book?

publishing word cloud“Everyone is not your customer.”  So says best-selling American author and speaker Seth Godin. I learned this lesson many  years ago when I proposed my first non-fiction book to a publisher.  In this post, I’d like to share with you a sample chapter from Who Will Read Your Book? The Unknown Writer’s Guide to the Realities of Writing & Publishing.

I  hope you’ll let me know if you find it useful.


Books don’t sell themselves.  This was probably the first reality of publishing that I learned.  This was swiftly followed by its corollary: Someone has to sell them…and that someone is largely the author.  This is a consideration that writers who wish to see their books read by adoring fans seem to have forgotten.

WWRYB CoverPotential readers will never have the joy of reading the books that they have never heard about.  We need to explore what book promotion really means in the industry overall and for individual authors.  For me personally, my own experiences also drive home the fact that it doesn’t matter whether you are traditionally published, or you take on the job yourself: you still have to learn how to promote your own work. And you have to know who will read it.

The presumption that I make when delving into the notion of book promotion is that you actually would like someone to buy and read your book – or at least read it.  I say this because as hard as it might be for some unknown writers to understand, it is not a foregone conclusion that all writers care about whether or not others will read their work.  (Of course, you might well suggest that they should then not publish – which implies “public” work – but we’ll not go there at this time).  For example, an academic, might publish something simply to have it on the public record knowing full well that the subject matter is discernible to a select few and there will be few readers.  Even if you aren’t doing this to generate income from the actual published work, you probably do want others to read it so that you can accomplish other objectives.

For example, you might write and self-publish a book because you want to share something with the hope of helping others, and you don’t much care if you make any money – it’s a labor of love.  Another reason for writing a book might be to promote your career and build your reputation as an expert in your field.  This is what career self-help gurus sometimes refer to as your electronic business card.  You write a short e-book utilizing your expertise; people download it for free, read it, like it and subsequently hire you to do whatever it is you do.

The bottom line is this: whether for love or money, if you want someone other than you and your immediate family to read this book, you have to promote it. People will not buy, download, read, think about or talk about your book if they do not know it exists.  It’s as simple as that. The problem is that many writers don’t see themselves as marketers – and for good reason.  They’re just not good at it.  It’s time to hone your skills. And that starts with a plan.

The book promotion plan

There are two approaches – strategies if you will – to promoting your book:  seat-of-the-pants-and-devil-may-care, or make-a-plan-and-implement-it.  That’s it.

With a quarter of a century in the corporate communication strategy game, I’m not interested in the seat-of-the-pants etc. approach to book promotion.  If you want others to read your book, you’ll have to find out who they are and figure out a way to make them take action by buying and reading your book.

There’s a theory about how people adopt new products and ideas.  It’s called the “diffusion-of-innovation” theory, and in a nutshell it suggests the following as a generally, non-linear explanation of how we move to buy that book:

new idea adoption

What this means is that people first have to become aware that the book exists.  Then something has to pique their interest.  The potential readers will then somehow evaluate the idea that they should read the book – perhaps by reading reviews or looking for recommendations from friends and networked acquaintances.  They then try it out: either by examining the inside of the book online, downloading a sample, or even buying a copy. The notion of ‘adoption’ would mean that a reader who adopts this product would tell others about it and then await, with baited breath, your next book.  A single, one-time purchase by someone who hates the book is not what you’re aiming for.

If we use this understanding of the general process that potential readers would go thorough, we can develop a framework to guide our book marketing.  That framework will have several planks that include the following:

  • Identifying and locating potential readers
  • Deciding what you want to accomplish with them
  • Developing the right messages for these potential readers
  • Targeting these potential readers by using media they embrace
  • Disseminating the messages to the readers
  • Measuring the success based on what you wanted to achieve.

We’ll examine each component in turn.

Identifying and locating potential readers

What do you know about the people who might be interested in your book?  Let’s begin by examining the potential reader for non-fiction.

If you did what I suggested in an earlier chapter and created that book proposal for a publisher or for yourself, you would have had to think about this before you even wrote the book.  If, for one second, you think that your book is for everyone, you need to know right now that you’re wrong. No book is for everyone.  That means that you’ll have to think carefully about what might be considered your book’s mission.

  • What is your book intended to accomplish?
  • How will it accomplish its goal?
  • Who is the goal intended to target?

Once you can state these things, you have your book’s mission statement so to speak, and you can begin to figure out more details about the potential readership of your book.

Your work of fiction can be dealt with similarly, although creating a mission statement for a work of fiction is probably a bit more esoteric.  You might not have a particular goal for the book other than entertaining readers with a good story – but I believe that this is a worthy one.  How it will do that is through great story-telling.  Who will read it and where you can find those potential readers will require just as much research as it does in finding readers for non-fiction.

Regardless of whether you are writing narrative or prescriptive non-fiction, genre fiction, literary fiction or even poetry, here are a few questions that you need to answer before you can move into the rest of the book promotion plan.

  • Is this book for men or women or both?
  • Is there a particular age group to which most potential readers are likely to belong?
  • Will people with certain habits or interests be more likely to buy it?
  • Do these readers in the group you’ve identified use the internet? Social media?
  • Is it likely that your potential readers live in a specific country? State or province? City?
  • Are they more likely to be urban or rural?

You begin to get the sense that you’re really painting a word picture of who these people are.  Once you know that it is much easier to reach out to them.

When I was considering the promotional plan for my memoir about being a ballet mom, I had to consider all of these questions.  The fact that it was published through the traditional route (submission-rejection-submission-acceptance etc.) didn’t change my responsibilities as an author.  In the twenty-first century world of publishing, authors are responsible for the lion’s share of the book promotion work whether their books are published by traditional publishers or they publish them on their own.  In Appendix 1 where I’ve shared the complete framework for the promotional plan, you’ll see that I’ve broken down the potential readers into a number of groups, all of whom have different perspectives.  Each of these groups uses different routes through which a message about a new book can be communicated. And this leads us to the next step of the promotional planning process.

Your objectives and messages

Obviously, you want potential readers to buy and read your book.  Clearly this is your primary objective.  But is this all?  Do you want them to view you as an expert in your field?  Do you want them to see you as a writer whose work will propel them to buy more of your books?  Do you want them to engage with you on your blog?  On Twitter? Are you using this book to establish your credentials as a springboard to career progression?

These might seem like questions you can simply take for granted.  They are not.  Your well-thought-out answers to them can help enormously in trying to figure out what to say to these potential readers and where to find them.

You may never have thought about this, but different messages will resonate with different readers.

What do you really want to say to potential book reviewers?  Do you want honest reviews (highly recommended), or do you want vanity reviews?  Those are reviews that you hope to get from fellow unknown writers with a view to giving equally glowing reviews to their books.  These are not reviews at all; rather they are advertisements.  We’ll discuss book reviews more thoroughly in another chapter.

What do you really want to say to potential readers?  The answer to this question will provide you with your book blurbs that will be part of the online description of your book and on its cover.  This is a very important consideration in marketing.  What you say in these blurbs and how they are written will either repel or attract readers.  For example, when I read an online description of a book on a site like Amazon, if the blurb is poorly written, I expect the book will be equally poorly written.  If it doesn’t accurately portray what the book is about, I might buy it and be severely disappointed resulting in me posting a bad review, or I might not buy it at all even though I might well enjoy it.

Sarah Juckes, writing on the Alliance of Independent Authors site suggests that writing your book’s blurb is the hardest part of the process because it requires you to condense  “…your novel into a few, short paragraphs in a way that makes your book impossible to overlook.”[i] She then goes on to suggest some steps you can take for writing a great blurb including doing research, finding the right style and voice, ensuring you start with a synopsis, and editing. (The difference between a synopsis and a blurb: the synopsis summarizes the entire book, whereas the blurb never provides a spoiler; rather it entices you to want to read more).

Accuracy, clarity and style all play a part in creating a compelling message for potential readers.

Targeting your readers

This is where many new writers fail to plan, resulting in significant wasted time and effort.  There is a tendency these days for new writers to spend an enormous amount of time on places like Twitter without giving much thought to whether or not that’s where their potential readers really are.  In the next few chapters, we’ll examine these places in more depth.  At this point, however, it’s important that writers understand that they might be wasting their time.

If, for example, your non-fiction book is designed for older adults, you’ll need to do some research to determine their use of the various media.  You might find that your target readers rarely look to social media for book recommendations.  Your genre fiction, on the other hand, might resonate well with specific groups on Facebook or Twitter.  Or perhaps your readers usually buy their books at conventions or meetings.

The Guardian book blog published a great list of top book-recommendation sites on the web[ii]  Reviewing this would help you to see where your readers go to find new books, and if you do some research on each of these sites, you’ll quickly determine which sites would be useful for you and how to go about getting your book featured there.

How successful was your plan?

Figuring this out depends on what you intended to accomplish from the outset.  But it is worth doing a check once in a while to see how effective the elements of your plan were.

If you simply consider your objective to be a numbers game, that will be your yardstick.  If, however, you want to build a reputation, a brand or a loyal following, your evaluation efforts will be more nuanced and longer-term. Whatever parameters you select to measure your success, remember that you’ll have to check in on how you’re doing from time to time to tweak your plan.  As you move forward in promoting your book, you’ll find that some approaches will work better than others and you’ll want to make changes along the way.

The next few chapters will provide you with a discussion of exactly what kind of tactics you might include in your book marketing plan. Whatever you include, there is one element that cannot be stressed enough:  start planning early.  Book marketing planning should begin long before you actually release your book.  In fact some of the tactics we’ll discuss in the next few chapters need to be executed before publication, while others simply need to be planned for implementation after that magic date.

[i] Sarah Juckes. October 4, 2013. How to write an effective blurb for a self-published book. http://www.selfpublishingadvice.org/how-to-write-an-effective-blurb-for-a-self-published-book/

[ii] Top book-recommendation platforms: What are your favourites? http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/may/10/top-book-recommendation-platforms-what-are-your-favourites

Posted in Ethics, Publishing, Self-Publishing

Barter, buy or blackmail: The ethics of book reviews

five star 2It matters not whether one of the “big” publishers puts out your book, whether your great-aunt with a penchant for publishing edits and distributes it for you from the trunk of her car, or you publish it electronically all by yourself, if you want people to read your book, you’ll probably want book reviews.

Book reviews, and the concomitant moaning that goes on in writers’ circles about reviewers, has a long and storied history. According to Jane Hu, the term book review first appeared in 1861, but the notion of the review or “criticism” (after all, those who write reviews of books or movies have traditionally been referred to as “critics”) goes back as far as 1661 in Paris.[1]

As Sarah Fay, writing in The Atlantic has said, throughout history book review writers, “seem to delight in publishing manifestos that outline the book review’s shortcomings and inadequacies.”[2] She went on to suggest that book reviews have been criticized as reeking of “mediocrity, elitism, nepotism or all three,” and further that they lack intelligence.  In the current Wild, Wild West world of digital publishing, it has never been truer.  And although as Hu says, “Most often, dissatisfaction with the state of book reviewing has come not from the readers who are the reviewers’ intended audience, but from writers who have felt their work mishandled, unjustly ignored, or cruelly misunderstood,”[3] this too has changed.  Discontent with the reviews is now springing from readers – like me.

Although traditional book reviewers – those who through history largely worked for magazines and newspapers – have been criticized for their overall general meanness, today’s book reviewers seem to have the opposite problem.  According to Amazon, the majority of book reviews are in the four-and-a-half to five out of five range.  How is it possible that so many books are truly worthy of five stars?  Well, they’re not.

Earlier this month, Amazon filed a law suit against four web sites that they believe are producing fraudulent book reviews.  According to a report in Entrepreneur, “The suit alleges that fabricated 4- and 5-star product appraisals dilute Amazon’s brand and negatively impact sellers on its site who don’t subvert the system by paying for fraudulent reviews.”[4]  It is this notion of the fraudulent (read: paid-for) book review that incenses me the most.five star 1

The companies in question just might be ones with whom you have dealt, but I hope not.  It seems that Amazon and its readership are no longer going to stand still and accept that so many books can possibly be as good as they appear to be. But the lack of integrity demonstrated by buying book reviews is only one of the loathsome ways that writers these days (self and traditionally published, mind you) are procuring deceitful reviews.

A writer recently related a story about being approached to do a review.  When the honest review was completed, the writer was informed in no uncertain terms, that anything less than a five-star report would result in one-star reports being posted for her books.  Clearly, no honest review could be forthcoming.

Then there are the writers who approach you with the offer to provide your book with a terrific review – in exchange for one for their books.  Honest?  I think not.

Who suffers in all of this wrong-minded marketing?  The readers.  I can hear writers out there now telling me that readers will, in the end make the decisions.  The problem with that line of thinking is that it smacks of a very utilitarian approach to ethics (i.e. the end justifies the means – in this case, very clearly, they are saying that lying up front is okay if they make a sale.  I beg to disagree), and it fails to recognize that readers will already have purchased god-awful books, spending hard-earned money on crap that could have been avoided if honesty had been forthcoming.

Although I recognize that great reviews are terrific for marketing books, why are so many people afraid of honest reviews?  The reason is probably related to the fact that most people don’t write as well as they think they do (if you haven’t been exposed to this truth, read William Zinsser’s On Writing Well immediately), aren’t interested in hearing negative criticism, or don’t care.  The latter care only that you buy their book and quality be damned.  Maybe readers aren’t going to take it anymore.  Bravo Amazon.

[1] Jane Hu. 2012.  A Short History Of Book Reviewing’s Long Decline. The Awl online. http://www.theawl.com/2012/06/book-reviewings-long-decline

[2] Sarah Fay. 2012. Book Reviews: A Tortured History.  The Atlantic online. http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/book-reviews-a-tortured-history/256301/

[3] Jane Hu.

[4] Kim Lachance Shandrow.  April 10, 2015. Amazon Sues Alleged Sellers of Bogus 5-Star Product Reviews. Entrepreneur. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244950

Posted in Book promotion, Self-Publishing

Who will buy your book?

Someday I hope to write a book where the royalties will pay for the copies I give away. — Clarence Darrow

freeOh how I empathize with Clarence Darrow.  I cannot tell you how many books I’ve given away over the years, and these days of the hideous deluge of ‘free’ eBooks as promotional tools makes the problem even worse.  I often wonder how many of other writers’ relatives and friends actually buy their books.

My family, for example, largely feels that they are entitled to receive free copies of my books.  Well, with the most recent one, I decided that this wasn’t going to happen anymore.  Even my 91-year old mother didn’t get a copy (to be fair, I really didn’t really want her to read it – to much *sex*).  The only family member who actually received a hard copy (and that was after he downloaded and paid for an e-book) was my 25-year old son who was one of my final editors.  His keen eye and firm grasp of the English language made him an ideal beta reader for which I paid him.  The least I could do was to give him a copy of the book when he was home from London last weekend.

Should I give it away?
Should I give it away?

Then there are all those other copies we give away.  And this refers equally to my books (and your books) published by traditional publishers and the self-published ones.  These are the review copies.

There is little doubt that review copies are important, however, it can get out of hand.  In addition it seems to me these days that we need to be vigilant that a so-called reviewer does not feel obligated to be a bit less critical of a book that he or she has received gratis.  (Although some bloggers seem to think that a free book might end up as a more critical review.  Not sure why.)

When I wrote the piece When is a book review not a book review? I was thinking about these kinds of issues.  So, we need to consider carefully how many books we give away for free in the hope of acquiring a positive review.

And then there are those free book giveaways that started this rant.  There is little doubt that giving books away can help you to accrue new readers: sometimes, readers who would otherwise pass over your books might try them and like them, then return to buy future offerings.  So that seems like a good investment in marketing.  We need to be very mindful, however, that if as writers we don’t value our work, we can hardly expect others to value it either.  In fact, many readers are just as likely to troll the online bookstores seeking only free books, never returning to your work when the book is not free.  There is no actual hard data on either of these situations although you’ll find plenty of anecdotal stories extolling the virtues of giving away your work.

It would be my greatest wish that writers value their work.  I often wonder if writers who don’t value their work know in their hearts that it isn’t really that good.  There is a difference, however, between the writing a book specifically for yourself and to give away to others, and one you hope to sell.  This is the kind of book you may write simply hoping that a few others might benefit from it in one way or another.

It is quite a different matter to work hard on a piece of writing that you hope readers, unknown to you at this point, will buy, read and appreciate.  This is the kind of work that we have to stop giving away so freely.

So, fellow writers, keep a very careful count of how many copies of your work you give away and the return on that investment.  I’d love to know how it has worked for you.  Perhaps we can build a database of information.  There are marketing reasons to give your work away, but that needs to be balanced by a sense of value.  Tread carefully.

It might be worth remembering what Jules Renard once wrote:

Writing is the only profession where no one considers you ridiculous if you earn no money.”

Now I think I’ll surf over to Amazon and set up a free book giveaway and see what happens!!


For a few different perspectives on this issue, here are some ideas from other sources:

Why Successful Authors Are Giving Their Books Away for Free  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/simone-collins/why-successful-authors-ar_b_4115300.html

Why publishers should give away eBooks   http://www.roughtype.com/?p=1573